^ 'Tahtib and Egyptian Raqs al-Assaya: From Martial Art to Performing Art'.^ 'Le tahtib, un Art martial Г©gyptien pluri millГ©naire vivant'.Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tahtib. Unlike its traditional counterpart, modern tahtib allows both women and men to practice in mixed groups. Victory can be attained either by a single clean touch to the head, or three touches to the body. Consequently, techniques revolve around protecting one's own head while reaching the head of the opponent. As in traditional tahtib, the main target is the opponent's head, as it is considered the most fragile and vulnerable part of the body. Modern tahtib is an attempt to re-explore the sources of tahtib as a fighting art, and to enrich them as a martial practice by codifying the techniques and teaching them structurally. The right hand uses a heavier stick with a hooked head to beat out the dum (the deep sound from striking the center of the drum) which drive the heartbeat of the rhythm, while the left hand uses a light twig as a switch to produce rapid-fire staccato 'taks' (the higher sound from striking the edge of the drum). Music in tahtib features the tabl (bass drum) and mizmar (folk oboe). Performances include balancing the cane on the head, hip or shoulder. It is often embellished with metallic-coloured foil or sequins. The stick used for this dance is generally more lightweight and hooked at one end like a cane. The latter, called ra's el assaya (dance of the stick) is incorporated into cabaret or Raqs sharqi performances.

Another female variant is performed flirtatiously and with less aggression. In one form, the women dress as men and imitate the males. It is believed that tahtib developed as a game or performance art in this civilian context.ДЄs with its combative counterpart, the dance form of tahtib was originally performed by men, but female versions were later developed. The first evidence of the festive representation of tahtib can only be seen in the New Empire (1500 вЂ“ 1000 BC), as shown by the engravings on the walls of Luxor and SaqqГўra Early Christian writings mention tahtib as a leisure activity and a popular art performed by men during weddings and celebrations. In addition to its role as military training, tahtib matches were also popular among peasants and farmers. Similar engravings can be seen in the archaeological site of Tell el Amarna (XVIII Dynasty, 1350 BC), some 60В km south of Minya. Three of the 35 tombs of the Beni Hassan necropolis (XI-XII Dynasties, 1900 вЂ“ 1700 BC) near the town of Minya, contain engravings showing scenes of tahtib.

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